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The official languages of the country are Dari and Pashto, as established by the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan. Dari is the most widely spoken language of Afghanistan's official languages and acts as a lingua franca for the country.
Dari is the official language for approximately 35 million people in Afghanistan [14] and it serves as the common language for inter-ethnic communication in the country. [15] As defined in the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan, Dari is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan; the other is Pashto. [16]
The Pashto alphabet (Pashto: پښتو الفبې, romanized: Pəx̌tó alfbâye) is the right-to-left abjad-based alphabet developed from the Perso-Arabic script, used for the Pashto language in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Pashto [b] (/ ˈ p ʌ ʃ t oʊ / PUH-shto, [6] [4] [5] / ˈ p æ ʃ t oʊ / PASH-toe; [c] پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan.
The diphthongs of early Classical Persian aw (as ow in Engl. cow) and ay (as i in English ice) have in Aimaq become [ow] (as in Engl. low) and [ej] (as in Engl. day). Dari, on the other hand, is more archaic, e.g. نوروز 'Persian New Year' is realized as [nowrūz] in Iranian, and [nawrōz] in Aimaq, and نخیر 'no' is uttered as [naχejr ...
It is an eastern variety of Persian and closely related to Dari, one of the two official Languages of Afghanistan. The primary differences between Dari and Hazaragi are the accents [ 7 ] and Hazaragi's greater array of many Turkic and Mongolic words and loanwords [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 5 ] Despite these differences, the two dialects are mutually ...
The Afghan Tatar Cultural Foundation's goal is to reconnect Afghan Tatars with their culture as well as revive the almost-extinct Afghan Tatar language, a Kipchak language closely related to the Tatar language. The World Tatar Congress helped them with much of it, and since 2005 have been inviting Afghan Tatar to Tatarstan to discuss issues.
The Katë language is the largest Nuristani language, spoken by 40,000–60,000 people, from the Kata, Kom, Mumo, Kshto and some smaller Black-Robed tribes in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The most used alternative names for the language are Kati or Bashgali. A descriptive grammar of Katë was written by Jakob Halfmann in 2024. [3]