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Bottle of diethyl ether from Slovakia Addiction to ether consumption , or etheromania , is the addiction to the inhalation or drinking of diethyl ether , commonly called "ether". Studies, including that of an ether addict in 2003, have shown that ether causes dependence ; however, the only symptom observed was a will to consume more ether.
Most diethyl ether is produced as a byproduct of the vapor-phase hydration of ethylene to make ethanol. This process uses solid-supported phosphoric acid catalysts and can be adjusted to make more ether if the need arises: [9] Vapor-phase dehydration of ethanol over some alumina catalysts can give diethyl ether yields of up to 95%. [10]
The formation of acid metabolites also causes inhibition of other metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation. [7] The kidney toxicity of ethylene glycol occurs 24 to 72 hours post ingestion and is caused by a direct cytotoxic effect of glycolic acid. The glycolic acid is then metabolized to glyoxylic acid and finally to oxalic acid.
Acid peptic diseases, such as peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, are caused by distinct but overlapping pathogenic mechanisms involving acid effects on mucosal defense. Acid reflux damages the esophageal mucosa and may also cause laryngeal tissue injury, leading to the development of pulmonary ...
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
Stomach pain is a common symptom of functional dyspepsia. Symptoms: Early satiety, heartburn, nausea, postprandial fullness, vomiting, and/or epigastric pain. [1] Complications: Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization. [2] Types: Postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. [1] Diagnostic method: Rome IV criteria. [1 ...
Ether; Several medical anesthetics are used as recreational drugs, including diethyl ether (a drug that is no longer used medically, due to its high flammability and the development of safer alternatives) and nitrous oxide, which has been widely used since the late 20th century by dentists as an anti-anxiety drug and mild anesthetic during ...
The hypokalemia is an indirect result of the kidney compensating for the loss of acid. With the loss of intake of food the individual may eventually become cachectic . A less frequent occurrence results from a vomiting of intestinal contents, including bile acids and HCO −