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A discrete dynamical system, discrete-time dynamical system is a tuple (T, M, Φ), where M is a manifold locally diffeomorphic to a Banach space, and Φ is a function. When T is taken to be the integers, it is a cascade or a map. If T is restricted to the non-negative integers we call the system a semi-cascade. [14]
When difference equations are employed, the theory is called discrete dynamical systems. When the time variable runs over a set that is discrete over some intervals and continuous over other intervals or is any arbitrary time-set such as a Cantor set, one gets dynamic equations on time scales.
The Duffing map (also called as 'Holmes map') is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior. The Duffing map takes a point (x n, y n) in the plane and maps it to a new point given by + = + = +.
Understanding the properties of orbits by using topological methods is one of the objectives of the modern theory of dynamical systems. For discrete-time dynamical systems, the orbits are sequences; for real dynamical systems, the orbits are curves; and for holomorphic dynamical systems, the orbits are Riemann surfaces.
The definition for discrete-time systems is almost identical to that for continuous-time systems. The definition below provides this, using an alternate language commonly used in more mathematical texts. Let (X, d) be a metric space and f : X → X a continuous function.
In mathematics, the Hénon map, sometimes called Hénon–Pomeau attractor/map, [1] is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is one of the most studied examples of dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behavior. The Hénon map takes a point (x n, y n) in the plane and maps it to a new point
Maps may be parameterized by a discrete-time or a continuous-time parameter. Discrete maps usually take the form of iterated functions . Chaotic maps often occur in the study of dynamical systems .
The concept of fixed points is of primary importance in discrete dynamical systems. Another graphical technique that can be used for one-variable mappings is the spider web projection. After determining an initial value x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} on the horizontal axis, draw a vertical line from the initial value x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} to the ...