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In the search-and-capture model, the spindle is predominantly organized by the poleward separation of centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Spindle microtubules emanate from centrosomes and 'seek' out kinetochores; when they bind a kinetochore they become stabilized and exert tension on the chromosomes.
Microtubule polymerization is nucleated at the microtubule organizing center. An aster is a cellular structure shaped like a star , consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules during the early stages of mitosis in an animal cell.
In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre [1]) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression.
Centrosome reduction is the gradual loss of centrosomal components that takes place after mitosis and during differentiation [22] In cycling cells, after mitosis the centrosome has lost most of its pericentriolar material (PCM) and its microtubule nucleation capacity.
The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge. MTOCs have two main functions: the organization of eukaryotic flagella and cilia and the organization of the mitotic and meiotic spindle apparatus , which separate the chromosomes during cell division .
The central spindle is a microtubule based structure, which forms in between segregating chromosomes during anaphase where the two sets of microtubules, emanating from opposite halves of the cell, overlap, and become arranged into antiparallel bundles by various microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and motor proteins.
Centromere protein J is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPJ gene. [5] [6] It is also known as centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP).During cell division, this protein plays a structural role in the maintenance of centrosome integrity and normal spindle morphology, and it is involved in microtubule disassembly at the centrosome.
Centrosomal protein of 70 kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP70 gene. [5] [6] The protein interacts with γ-tubulin through its coiled coil domains to localize at the centrosome. CEP70 is involved in organizing microtubules in interphase cells and is required for proper organization and orientation of the mitotic spindle. [7]