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Jewish cemetery in Holešov, Moravia. Two Jews were killed in a pogrom in the town. After World War I and during the formation of Czechoslovakia, a wave of anti-Jewish rioting and violence was unleashed against Jews and their property, especially stores. [1] [2]
The cabinet, by a vote of 13–7, voted for an alternate proposal which permitted "the employment of all means at the government's disposal, in the framework of the existing law and of laws yet to be passed, to deny Maki the opportunity to take public action, without declaring it an organization that exists outside the law." [24] [25]
The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (117,551 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated. Many Jews emigrated after 1939; approximately 78,000 were killed. By 1945, some 14,000 Jews remained alive in the Czech lands. [ 5 ]
During World War II, Czechoslovakia was divided into four different regions, each administered by a different authority: Sudetenland (Germany), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the Slovak State, and Carpathian Ruthenia and southern Slovakia (Hungary). As a result, the Holocaust unfolded differently in each of these areas:
Anti-Jewish laws have been a common occurrence throughout Jewish history. Examples of such laws include special Jewish quotas , Jewish taxes and Jewish "disabilities" . Some were adopted in the 1930s and 1940s in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy and exported to the European Axis powers and puppet states .
The main instrument of anti-Jewish policy in 1933–1935 was anti-Jewish legislation. [10] On April 7, 1933, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was adopted, which ordered the dismissal of all non- Aryan officials, with rare exceptions. Anyone who had at least one Jewish ancestor was considered a non-Aryan. [11]
Cabada, Ladislav, and Sarka Waisova, Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in World Politics (Lexington Books; 2012), foreign policy 1918 to 2010; Felak, James Ramon. At the price of the Republic: Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, 1929–1938 (U of Pittsburgh Press, 1995). Korbel, Josef. Twentieth Century Czechoslovakia: The Meaning of its ...
The first postwar anti-Jewish riots occurred in 1945, in Košice (2 May), Prešov (July), Bardejov (22 July), Topoľčany (24 September), and Trebišov (14 November). Former partisans were involved in some of these events. [24] [25] There were no major anti-Jewish incidents in Bratislava between the end of the war and the summer of 1946. [26]