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Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
According to Twelvers, there is at all times an Imam of the era who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Ali , a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad , followed by male descendants of Muhammad ...
Ali ibn Muhammad, the tenth Imam in Twelve Imams, was known by the titles al-Hadi ... [11] reports that Ali was first taken to Medina sometime after 830, ...
Ḥusayn is the last Imam following ʿAlī mutually recognized by all branches of Shīʿa Islam. [47] The Battle of Karbala and martyrdom of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī is often cited as the definitive separation between the Shīʿa and Sunnī sects of Islam, and is commemorated each year by Shīʿa Muslims on the Day of Ashura.
Khalil Allah II Ali, last imam of Anjudan, 1671–1680. Shah Nizar II, established imamate in Kahak, 1680–1722. Sayyid Ali, in Kahak, 1722–1736. Sayyid Hasan Ali, established imamate in Shahr-e Babak, Kerman, 1736-1747, first Imam who abandoned the practice of taqiyya. Qasim Ali (Sayyid Ja'far), in Kerman, 1747-1756
This also implied that every new piece of divine knowledge was presented first to the imam's predecessors and then to him. [90] At a mystical level, Muhammad, Fatima, and the twelve imams, collectively known as the fourteen infallibles, are said to have been created from a nobler substance than the clay from which prophets were made. [91]
Perhaps the earliest Shia versions of the hadith of twelve successors appear in Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays, attributed to Sulaym ibn Qays (d. 701), who might have been a companion of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Shia imam. [13] [14] One version therein is related on the authority of Ali and some other Shia figures, including Abd Allah ibn Ja'far (d. c.
According to the Hadith of the Twelve Successors, Muhammad said that the Islamic leadership is in Quraysh (i.e. his tribe) and that 12 "imams" (also called "princes" or "caliphs") shall succeed him. [35] [36] [37] Twelver Shias believe in twelve imams. They believe eleven of the imams were killed but that the twelfth imam is still alive.