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In turn, other materials (such as nickel) can be used to quench the afterglow and shorten the decay part of the phosphor emission characteristics. The electronic configuration of the activator depends on its oxidation state and is crucial for the light emission. Oxidation of the activator is one of the common mechanisms of phosphor degradation.
Sulfamic acid is preferable to hydrochloric acid in household use, due to its intrinsic safety. If inadvertently mixed with hypochlorite based products such as bleach , it does not form chlorine gas, whereas the most common acids would; the reaction ( neutralisation ) with ammonia , produces a salt, as depicted in the section above.
Compared to TAED, which is the predominant bleach activator used in Europe, NOBS is efficient at much lower temperatures. At 20 °C NOBS is 100 times more soluble than TAED in water. [ 5 ] When attacked by the perhydroxyl anion (from hydrogen peroxide), NOBS forms peroxynonanoic acid (a peroxy acid ) and releases the leaving group sodium 4 ...
Activator may refer to: Activator (genetics) , a DNA-binding protein that regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription Activator (phosphor) , a type of dopant used in phosphors and scintillators
Only the perhydroxyl anion, and not the hydrogen peroxide molecule, reacts with the bleach activator. [4] In aqueous solutions, the hydroxide ion is also present, but owing to the greater nucleophilicity of the perhydroxyl anion, it will react preferentially. Once formed, the peroxy acid can act as a bleach.
Triacetylethylenediamine is mostly non-toxic and easily biodegradable. TAED and its byproduct DAED have low aquatic ecotoxicity.Triacetylethylenediamine shows a very low toxicity in all exposure routes, is practically non-irritating effect on skin and eye, and does not give any indication of skin sensitization.
You can use it as a substitute for milk by reconstituting it with enough water to amount to what your recipe calls for. (I recommend consulting the package instructions, which should tell you ...
The dCAs9-VPR system is used as an activator by targeting it to the promoter of a gene upstream of the coding region. A study used various sgRNAs to target different portions of the gene, finding that the dCas9-VPR activator can act as an activator or a repressor, depending on the location it binds.