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Line of sight (LoS) propagation from an antenna. Line-of-sight propagation is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation which means waves can only travel in a direct visual path from the source to the receiver without obstacles. [1] Electromagnetic transmission includes light emissions traveling in a straight line.
This model is applicable to the cases of line of sight propagation. Example is microwave transmission. This model is only applicable when there is an obstruction made by some foliage in the link. i.e. In between the transmitter and receiver.
The two-rays ground-reflection model is a multipath radio propagation model which predicts the path losses between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna when they are in line of sight (LOS). Generally, the two antenna each have different height. The received signal having two components, the LOS component and the reflection component ...
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
Line-of-sight propagation, electro-magnetic waves travelling in a straight line Non-line-of-sight propagation; Line-of-sight velocity, an object's speed straight towards or away from an observer; Line-of-sight double star, one in which two stars are only coincidentally close together as seen from Earth; Beyond visual line of sight
Millimeter waves propagate solely by line-of-sight paths. They are not refracted by the ionosphere nor do they travel along the Earth as ground waves as lower frequency radio waves do. [5] At typical power densities they are blocked by building walls and suffer significant attenuation passing through foliage.
Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation occurs outside of the typical line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver, such as in ground reflections. Near-line-of-sight (also NLOS ) conditions refer to partial obstruction by a physical object present in the innermost Fresnel zone .