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If the magnet is aligned with the magnetic field, corresponding to two magnets oriented in the same direction near the poles, then it will be drawn into the larger magnetic field. If it is oppositely aligned, such as the case of two magnets with like poles facing each other, then the magnet will be repelled from the region of higher magnetic field.
The magnetic field of permanent magnets can be quite complicated, especially near the magnet. The magnetic field of a small [note 6] straight magnet is proportional to the magnet's strength (called its magnetic dipole moment m). The equations are non-trivial and depend on the distance from the magnet and the orientation of the magnet.
As such, they are often written as E(x, y, z, t) (electric field) and B(x, y, z, t) (magnetic field). If only the electric field (E) is non-zero, and is constant in time, the field is said to be an electrostatic field. Similarly, if only the magnetic field (B) is non-zero and is constant in time, the field is said to be a magnetostatic field.
For an electromagnet with a cylindrical bore, producing a pure multipole field of order , the stored magnetic energy is: =!. Here, is the permeability of free space, is the effective length of the magnet (the length of the magnet, including the fringing fields), is the number of turns in one of the coils (such that the entire device has turns), and is the current flowing in the coils.
Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other.Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism.
Paramagnetic materials have a weak induced magnetization in a magnetic field, which disappears when the magnetic field is removed. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials have strong magnetization in a magnetic field, and can be magnetized to have magnetization in the absence of an external field, becoming a permanent magnet. Magnetization is ...
The electric field (E) is the dual of the magnetic field (H). The electric displacement field (D) is the dual of the magnetic flux density (B). Faraday's law of induction is the dual of Ampère's circuital law. Gauss's law for electric field is the dual of Gauss's law for magnetism. The electric potential is the dual of the magnetic potential.
Two current-carrying wires attract each other magnetically: The bottom wire has current I 1, which creates magnetic field B 1. The top wire carries a current I 2 through the magnetic field B 1, so (by the Lorentz force) the wire experiences a force F 12. (Not shown is the simultaneous process where the top wire makes a magnetic field which ...