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In rhetoric, chiasmus (/ k aɪ ˈ æ z m ə s / ky-AZ-məs) or, less commonly, chiasm (Latin term from Greek χίασμα chiásma, "crossing", from the Greek χιάζω, chiázō, "to shape like the letter Χ"), is a "reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses – but no repetition of words".
Chiastic structure, or chiastic pattern, is a literary technique in narrative motifs and other textual passages. An example of chiastic structure would be two ideas, A and B, together with variants A' and B', being presented as A,B,B',A'. Chiastic structures that involve more components are sometimes called "ring structures" or "ring compositions".
Chiasm (anatomy), an X-shaped structure produced by the crossing over of the fibers, with the prefix chiasm- means cross examples include: A nerval chiasm, where either two nerves cross in the body midline (e.g. Optic chiasma) A crossing of fibres inside a nerve reversing their mapping; A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross.
In rhetoric, antimetabole (/ æ n t ɪ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l iː / AN-ti-mə-TAB-ə-lee) is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order; for example, "I know what I like, and I like what I know". It is related to, and sometimes considered a special case of, chiasmus. An antimetabole can be predictive, because it is easy ...
The literary critic and rhetorician, I. A. Richards, divides a metaphor into two parts: the vehicle and the tenor. [21] In the following example, Romeo compares Juliet to the sun (the vehicle), and this metaphor connecting Juliet to the sun shows that Romeo sees Juliet as being radiant and regards her as an essential being (the tenor).
Captatio benevolentiae – any literary or oral device that seeks to secure the goodwill of the recipient or hearer, as in a letter or in a discussion. Catachresis – the inexact use of a similar word in place of the proper one to create an unlikely metaphor; for example (from Rhetorica ad Herennium ), "The power of man is short" or "the long ...
Chiasmus – Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses; Climax – Repetition of the scheme anadiplosis at least three times, with the elements arranged in an order of increasing importance; Epanalepsis – Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence
Synchysis may be opposed to chiasmus, which is a phrase in the form A-B-B-A, either in the same line or in two consecutive lines. [ clarification needed ] [ citation needed ] A line of Latin verse in the form adjective A - adjective B - verb - noun A - noun B , with the verb in the center (or a corresponding chiastic line, again with the verb ...