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Malingering is the fabrication, feigning, or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms designed to achieve a desired outcome, such as personal gain, relief from duty or work, avoiding arrest, receiving medication, or mitigating prison sentencing.
For example, the Department of Veterans Affairs offers substantial annual financial compensation to U.S. veterans who can prove that they have PTSD related to their military service. This potential compensation can create an incentive for veterans to malinger PTSD, especially in cases where financial instability or perceived injustice might ...
If a patient's disease allows them to miss work, avoid military duty, obtain financial compensation, obtain drugs, avoid a jail sentence, etc., these would be examples of a secondary gain. For instance, an individual having household chores completed by someone else because they have stomach cramps would be a secondary gain.
What causes factitious disorder is not well understood, however there is a handful of possible motives that drive this pattern of behavior. Individuals may experience a heightened thrill from medical procedures, a desire for attention and care, or feelings of control or accomplishment when deceiving medical professionals. [3]
For example, in their survey of validity test use, Sharland and Gfeller (2007) [3] found that the FBS was the third most widely used validity test by neuropsychologists. In a more recent study, Martin, Schroeder, and Odland (2015) found in a survey of general practitioners that the FBS was the most widely used symptom validity test (SVT) for ...
Waddell, et al. (1980) described five categories of signs: Tenderness tests: superficial and diffuse tenderness and/or nonanatomic tenderness; Simulation tests: these are based on movements which produce pain, without actually causing that movement, such as axial loading and pain on simulated rotation
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The Allied invasion of Sicily began on July 10, 1943, with Lieutenant General George S. Patton leading 90,000 men of the Seventh United States Army in a landing near Gela, Scoglitti, and Licata to support Bernard Montgomery's British 8th Army landings to the north. [1]