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Efficiency of power plants, world total, 2008. Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms. The input, as well as the useful output may be chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat.
In electricity generation, a generator [1] is a device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit.
To express the efficiency of a generator or power plant as a percentage, invert the value if dimensionless notation or same unit are used. For example: A heat rate value of 5 gives an efficiency factor of 20%. A heat rate value of 2 kWh/kWh gives an efficiency factor of 50%. A heat rate value of 4 MJ/MJ gives an efficiency factor of 25%.
For each class the efficiency is defined for a rated output range from 0.75 to 375 kW. In the European Community the IE2 class is mandatory for all new motors since 16 June 2011. The IE3 class will be mandatory from 1 January 2015 (7.5–375 kW) and 1 January 2017 (0.75–375 kW).
A typical electrical generator rating plate contains the following parameters: [4] power rating is specified in terms of apparent power (KVA or MVA), since the exact power factor will be determined by the external factors; [5] power factor (PF) is the nominal power factor for other ratings; usually PF = 0.8; [5]
Generator Rating Definitions. Standby Rating based on Applicable for supplying emergency power for the duration of normal power interruption. No sustained overload capability is available for this rating. (Equivalent to Fuel Stop Power by ISO3046, AS2789, DIN6271 and BS5514). Nominally rated.