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During Franco's rule, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (Estado Español). The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the ...
In Spain and abroad, the legacy of Franco remains controversial. The longevity of Franco's rule (39 years in the Nationalist Zone and 36 years in all of Spain), his suppression of political opposition, and his government's effective propaganda sustained through the years have made a detached evaluation difficult.
Guardianship in Francoist Spain (1939-1975) and the democratic transition (1975-1985) was a system which provided husbands and fathers with tremendous legal control over women. Male members of the family were able to transfer legal control of their daughters over to the state.
Women in Spain during the Franco regime had very few legal rights. [5] For example, until 1975, without her husband's consent (referred to as permiso marital), a wife was prohibited from employment, traveling away from home, and property ownership. [6]
This was followed by a transition period, which included the creation of the 1978 Spanish Constitution that still governs Spain. [37] Following Franco's death, Spain underwent massive change that culminated in the Constitution of 1978. This document returned Spain to being a country where women were guaranteed full equal rights under the law.
Catalonia under the rule of Franco underwent extensive censorship and repression following Franco's victory over nationalists. After the end of the Spanish civil war, intellectuals with visible Catalan ideologies were punished in various ways, including execution, subjugation and forced labor. [1]
The Law of the Principles of the National Movement of 1958: Established some organising principles for the judiciary of Franco's Spain, and enshrined into law the principles of Francoism per se. 7. The Organic Law of the State of 1967 : Enumerated the ends of the state and fixed the powers and duties of the Head of State, as well as creating ...
Finally, on 22 July 1969, Franco designated Juan Carlos (skipping the natural order of succession that corresponded to his father Infante Juan under the law of succession according to which it would be Franco who would name the monarch of the kingdom) as his successor to the Headship of the State, with the title of "Prince of Spain". [7] He was ...