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Before administration, a lyophilized drug is reconstituted as a liquid before being administered. This is done by combining a liquid diluent with the freeze-dried powder, mixing, then injecting. Reconstitution usually requires a reconstitution and delivery system to ensure that the drug is correctly mixed and administered.
To ensure that the drug taker who has poor absorption is dosed appropriately, the bottom value of the deviation range is employed to represent real bioavailability and to calculate the drug dose needed for the drug taker to achieve systemic concentrations similar to the intravenous formulation. [4]
The AUC (from zero to infinity) represents the total drug exposure across time. AUC is a useful metric when trying to determine whether two formulations of the same dose (for example a capsule and a tablet) result in equal amounts of tissue or plasma exposure. Another use is in the therapeutic drug monitoring of drugs with a narrow therapeutic ...
Therefore, the dose required to give a certain plasma concentration can be determined if the V D for that drug is known. The V D is not a physiological value; it is more a reflection of how a drug will distribute throughout the body depending on several physicochemical properties, e.g. solubility, charge, size, etc.
However, if a delay is observed between the drug administration and the drug effect, a temporal dissociation needs to be taken into account and more complex models exist: [6] [7] Direct vs Indirect link PK/PD models; Direct vs Indirect response PK/PD models [8] Time variant vs time invariant; Cell lifespan models; Complex response models
For example, if the desired total daily amount is 600 mg per day, they may decide a dosage plan that has one 200 mg dose taken three times a day, or one 300 mg dose taken twice a day, or a single 600 mg dose take once a day. Medication underdosing occurs commonly when physicians write prescriptions that are correct for a certain time, but fails ...
C min is a term used in pharmacokinetics for the minimum blood plasma concentration reached by a drug during a dosing interval, which is the time interval between administration of two doses. This definition is slightly different from C trough , the concentration immediately prior to administration of the next dose. [ 1 ]
A quantal dose response curve shows the percentage of subjects where a response is noted in an all-or-none manner (y axis) over the dose of the drug (x axis). For competition binding assays and functional antagonist assays IC 50 is the most common summary measure of the dose-response curve.