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  2. Antibiotic sensitivity testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_sensitivity_testing

    Sometimes, whether an antibiotic is marked as resistant is also based on bacterial characteristics that are associated with known methods of resistance such as the potential for beta-lactamase production. [28] [20] Specific patterns of drug resistance or multidrug resistance may be noted, such as the presence of an extended-spectrum beta ...

  3. Antimicrobial resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance

    Antimicrobial resistance ... Important contributing factors are through "antibiotic ... Acetylation is the most widely used mechanism and can affect a number of drug ...

  4. Drug resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_resistance

    Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. [1] The term is used in the context of resistance that pathogens or cancers have "acquired", that is, resistance has evolved.

  5. Plasmid-mediated resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid-mediated_resistance

    Since many R-factors contain F-plasmids, antibiotic resistance can be easily spread among a population of bacteria. [19] Also, R-factors can be taken up by "DNA pumps" in their membranes via transformation , [ 20 ] or less commonly through viral mediated transduction , [ 21 ] or via bacteriophage, although conjugation is the most common means ...

  6. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbapenem-resistant_enter...

    Increased horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is observed simultaneously with cell viability on stainless steel surfaces. HGT is one of the major factors responsible for creating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This suggests that immediate decontamination of surfaces is important in preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

  7. List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotic...

    The evolution of bacteria on a "Mega-Plate" petri dish A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Gram positive Clostridioides difficile Clostridioides difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Diarrhea caused by C. difficile can be life-threatening. Infections are ...

  8. Minimum inhibitory concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_inhibitory...

    Depending on the pathogen and antibiotics being tested, the media can be changed and/or adjusted. The antimicrobial concentration is adjusted into the correct concentration by mixing stock antimicrobial with media. The adjusted antimicrobial is serially diluted into multiple tubes (or wells) to obtain a gradient. The dilution rate can be ...

  9. Disk diffusion test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_diffusion_test

    The disk diffusion test (also known as the agar diffusion test, Kirby–Bauer test, disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, disc-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test and KB test) is a culture-based microbiology assay used in diagnostic and drug discovery laboratories. In diagnostic labs, the assay is used to determine the susceptibility ...