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LP record. The LP (from "long playing" [1] or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, specifically a phonograph record format characterized by: a speed of 33⁄ rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the "microgroove" groove specification; and a vinyl (a copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate) composition disk.
The most common rotational speeds for gramophone records are 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 revolutions per minute (rpm), 45 rpm, and 78 rpm. Established as the only common rotational speed prior to the 1940s, the 78 became increasingly less common throughout the 1950s and into more modern decades as the 33 and the 45 became established as the new standards for ...
Grooves on a modern 33 rpm record Uncommon Columbia 7-inch vinyl 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 rpm microgroove ZLP from 1948. CBS Laboratories had long been at work for Columbia Records to develop a phonograph record that would hold at least 20 minutes per side. [55] [56] Research began in 1939, was suspended during World War II, and then resumed in 1945. [57]
When the Columbia LP was released in June 1948, the developers subsequently published technical information about the 33 1 ⁄ 3 rpm, microgroove, long-playing record. [5] Columbia disclosed a recording characteristic showing that it was like the NAB curve in the treble, but had more bass boost or pre-emphasis below about 150 Hz.
Since the term "LP" has come to refer to the 12-inch 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 rpm vinyl disk, the first LP is the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor played by Nathan Milstein with Bruno Walter conducting the New York Philharmonic (then called the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York), Columbia ML 4001, found in the Columbia Record Catalog for ...
The long-playing 33 1 ⁄ 3 rpm microgroove LP record, was developed at Columbia Records and introduced in 1948. The short-playing but convenient 7-inch (18 cm) 45 rpm microgroove vinyl single was introduced by RCA Victor in 1949.