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Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation , insulator activity, V(D)J recombination [ 7 ] and regulation of chromatin architecture.
Genetic and epigenetic variation of insulated neighborhood anchors have been linked to several human diseases. One study of a genetic variant linked to asthma disrupts CTCF binding and insulated neighborhood formation. [23] Studies of imprinted loci showed DNA methylation controls CTCF-anchored loops
CTCF forms methylation-sensitive insulators that regulate X-chromosome inactivation. Transcriptional repressor CTCFL (this protein) is a paralog of CTCF and appears to be expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes, unlike CTCF which is expressed primarily in the nucleus of somatic cells. CTCF and CTCFL are normally expressed in a ...
A number of proteins are known to be associated with TAD formation including the protein CTCF and the protein complex cohesin. [1] It is also unknown what components are required at TAD boundaries; however, in mammalian cells, it has been shown that these boundary regions have comparatively high levels of CTCF binding.
HS5 is thought to be a genetic insulator in vivo as it has both enhancer-blocking activity and transgene barrier activities. [5] CTCF was first characterized for its role in regulating β-globin gene expression. At this locus, CTCF functions as an insulator-binding protein forming a chromosomal boundary. [13]
When a young New York boy was diagnosed with a rare genetic disorder, hope came in an unlikely form — a golden retriever named Yammy. His mother shares the inspiring story with Fox News Digital.
These insulators are DNA-binding proteins like CTCF and TFIIIC that help recruiting structural partners such as cohesins and condensins. The localization and binding of architectural proteins to their corresponding binding sites is regulated by post-translational modifications. [ 51 ]
Savasan called the medical advances "a monumental achievement in gene therapy for blood disorders — transfusion dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Both are characterized by chronic ...