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The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Bakke, a 1978 landmark decision, that affirmative action could be used as a determining factor in college admission policy but that the University of California, Davis School of Medicine's racial quota was discriminatory. The Court upheld this case in Grutter v. Bollinger, a 2003 landmark decision.
Larry P. v. Riles is a California court case in which the court held that IQ tests could not be used to place African-American students in special education classes.. Five African-American children had been placed in special classes for the "educable mentally retarded", based on low IQ test scores.
The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. [1] It manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to earn lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, while ...
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), was a United States Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in state supported graduate or professional education. [1] The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter.
Board of Education - composed of four cases arising from states and a related federal case arising from the District of Columbia overturning segregation in schools and the separate-but-equal doctrine. Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1951) - the case arising from Virginia; Briggs v. Elliott (1952) - the case arising from ...
This case helped forge the legal framework for Brown v. Board of Education, which banned segregation in public schools. Despite the initial victory claimed by the NAACP, after the Supreme Court had ruled in Gaines' favor and ordered the Missouri Supreme Court to reconsider the case, Gaines was nowhere to be found. When the University of ...
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), [1] was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
The University appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court, which declined to review the case on July 1, 1996. In an opinion on the denial of certiorari , Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg , joined by Justice David Souter , noted that the issue of the constitutionality of race in admission was "an issue of great national importance". [ 7 ]