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  2. Van 't Hoff factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_'t_Hoff_factor

    The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1.

  3. Van 't Hoff equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_'t_Hoff_equation

    The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".

  4. Calcium bromide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_bromide

    Calcium bromide is the name for compounds with the chemical formula Ca Br 2 (H 2 O) x.Individual compounds include the anhydrous material (x = 0), the hexahydrate (x = 6), and the rare dihydrate (x = 2).

  5. Colligative properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colligative_properties

    Here K f is the cryoscopic constant (equal to 1.86 °C kg/mol for the freezing point of water), i is the van 't Hoff factor, and m the molality (in mol/kg). This predicts the melting of ice by road salt. In the liquid solution, the solvent is diluted by the addition of a solute, so that fewer molecules are available to freeze.

  6. Boiling-point elevation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling-point_elevation

    Equation after including the van 't Hoff factor ΔT b = K b · b solute · i. The above formula reduces precision at high concentrations, due to nonideality of the solution. If the solute is volatile, one of the key assumptions used in deriving the formula is not true because the equation derived is for solutions of non-volatile solutes in a ...

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  8. Köhler theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köhler_theory

    To derive these, solutes are assumed to be electrolytes that dissociate fully into a fixed number of ions given by the van’t Hoff factor. Also, mixing volumes are neglected and the molar volume of water is calculated by v w = M w ρ w {\textstyle v_{w}={\frac {M_{w}}{\rho _{w}}}} , where ρ w {\textstyle \rho _{w}} and M w {\textstyle M_{w ...

  9. Cryoscopic constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoscopic_constant

    i is the van ‘t Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved; b is the molality of the solution. Through cryoscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "cryoscopy" means "freezing measurement" in Greek.