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2. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Conventional water-softening appliances intended for household use depend on an ion-exchange resin in which "hardness ions"—mainly Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ —are exchanged for sodium ions. [6] As described by NSF/ANSI Standard 44 , [ 7 ] ion-exchange devices reduce the hardness by replacing magnesium and calcium (Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ) with sodium or ...

3. Ion exchange - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_exchange

   Versatility: Ion exchange can be applied to various water treatment applications. Consistent performance: Ion exchange systems offer consistent and predictable performance, providing reliable water treatment over time. Scalability: Ion exchange systems can be easily scaled up or down to meet different treatment capacities and requirements.

4. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

   Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as calcium and magnesium. A dealkalizer contains strong base anion exchange resin that ...

5. Electrodeionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeionization

   Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically ...

6. Ion-exchange resin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin

   Ion-exchange resin beads. An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange, that is also known as an ionex. [1] It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–1.43 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate.

7. Water purification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

   Ion exchange: [9] Ion-exchange systems use ion-exchange resin- or zeolite-packed columns to replace unwanted ions. The most common case is water softening consisting of removal of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions replacing them with benign (soap friendly) Na + or K + ions.