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  2. Hydrosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere

    The hydrosphere (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') [1] [2] is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, [3] [4] it continues to

  3. Biogeochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemistry

    Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere).

  4. Ecosphere (planetary) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosphere_(planetary)

    All living organisms that exist within a given ecosphere. J.B. Lamarck defined the term biosphere. When modern biologists mention the biosphere they usually mean the best part of the Earth's crust, which is the lithosphere and hydrosphere, and of the lower parts of the Earth's lower parts, which is the troposphere. All these together and the ...

  5. Earth system science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science

    They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [28]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  6. Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

    A view of Earth with its global ocean and cloud cover, which dominate Earth's surface and hydrosphere; at Earth's polar regions, its hydrosphere forms larger areas of ice cover. Earth's hydrosphere is the sum of Earth's water and its distribution. Most of Earth's hydrosphere consists of Earth's global ocean.

  7. Biogeochemical cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle

    The biotic compartment is the biosphere and the abiotic compartments are the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. For example, in the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis, which converts it into organic compounds that are used by organisms for energy and growth.

  8. Earth science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science

    In Earth science, it is common to conceptualize the Earth's surface as consisting of several distinct layers, often referred to as spheres: the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere, this concept of spheres is a useful tool for understanding the Earth's surface and its various processes [30] these correspond to rocks ...

  9. Geosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosphere

    It may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. [1] The different collectives of the geosphere are able to exchange different mass and/or energy fluxes (the measurable amount of change). The exchange of these fluxes affects the balance of the different spheres of the geosphere.