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The strong affinity of aluminium for oxygen leads to the common occurrence of its oxides in nature. Aluminium is found on Earth primarily in rocks in the crust, where it is the third-most abundant element, after oxygen and silicon, rather than in the mantle, and virtually never as the free metal.
Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the lithosphere at 82,000 ppm. It occurs in low levels, 0.9 ppm, in humans. [1] Aluminum is known to be an ecotoxicant and expected to be a health risk to people. Global primary production (GPP) of aluminum was about 52 million tons in 2013 and remains one of the world's most important metals.
World bauxite production in 2005 One of the world's largest bauxite mines in Weipa, in northern Queensland, Australia. Australia is the largest producer of bauxite, followed by Guinea and China. [8] Bauxite is usually strip mined because it is almost always found near the surface of the terrain, with little or no overburden.
Aluminium began to be used in engineering and construction. In World Wars I and II, aluminium was a crucial strategic resource for aviation. World production of the metal grew from 6,800 metric tons in 1900 to 2,810,000 metric tons in 1954, when aluminium became the most produced non-ferrous metal, surpassing copper.
Elsewhere in this region native indium, aluminium, tantalum, tellurium, and other metals have been reported. [citation needed] Native lead [17] is quite rare but somewhat more widespread, as are tin, [18] mercury, [19] arsenic, [20] antimony, [21] and bismuth. [22] Native chromium has been found in small grains in Sichuan, China [23] and other ...
This is a list of countries by primary aluminium production in 2023. [1] Primary aluminium is produced from aluminium oxide which is obtained from bauxite and excludes recycled aluminium. Only countries with a minimum production of 100,000 tonnes are listed.
In 2000, the U.S. was the largest producer of primary aluminum. The six remaining smelters in the U.S. now make up a small percentage of global capacity.
As aluminium is a small atom relative to these chalcogens, these have four-coordinate tetrahedral aluminium with various polymorphs having structures related to wurtzite, with two-thirds of the possible metal sites occupied either in an orderly (α) or random (β) fashion; the sulfide also has a γ form related to γ-alumina, and an unusual ...