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Citrate synthase (E.C. 2.3.3.1 (previously 4.1.3.7)) is an enzyme that exists in nearly all living cells. It functions as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle). [5] Citrate synthase is located within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than
In molecular biology, the citrate synthase family of proteins includes the enzymes citrate synthase EC 2.3.3.1, and the related enzymes 2-methylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.5 and ATP citrate lyase EC 2.3.3.8. Citrate synthase is a member of a small family of enzymes that can directly form a carbon-carbon bond without the presence of metal ion ...
ATP citrate synthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals catalyzes an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. [2] By converting citrate to acetyl-CoA , the enzyme links carbohydrate metabolism , which yields citrate as an intermediate , with fatty acid biosynthesis , which consumes acetyl-CoA. [ 3 ]
The glyoxylate cycle uses five of the eight enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle: citrate synthase, aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase. The two cycles differ in that in the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate is converted into glyoxylate and succinate by isocitrate lyase (ICL) instead of into α ...
Synthesis of saturated fatty acids via fatty acid synthase II in E. coli. Straight-chain fatty acid synthesis occurs via the six recurring reactions shown below, until the 16-carbon palmitic acid is produced. [2] [3] The diagrams presented show how fatty acids are synthesized in microorganisms and list the enzymes found in Escherichia coli. [2]
Glutaminolysis (glutamine + -lysis) is a series of biochemical reactions by which the amino acid glutamine is lysed to glutamate, aspartate, CO 2, pyruvate, lactate, alanine and citrate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The glutaminolytic pathway
All of the enzymes for the citric acid cycle are in the matrix (e.g. citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase) except for succinate dehydrogenase which is on the inner membrane and is part of protein complex II in the electron transport chain.
Citrate synthase catalyzes the addition of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate and is the first committed step of the Citric Acid Cycle. [9] Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in the first committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis.