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Macroamylasemia is the presence of macroamylase in the blood. Macroamylase is a complex of the enzyme amylase bound to other proteins forming a larger molecule. [1] Macroamylase is typically composed of immunoglobulin A (IgA, 70%) and less often of immunoglobulin G (IgG, 30%). The association of amylase with some drugs has also been reported. [2]
Other causes include high levels of blood fats, high blood calcium, some medications, and certain genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, among others. [1] Smoking increases the risk of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. [3] [4] Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on a threefold increase in the blood of either amylase or lipase. [1]
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
The first step in the production of high-fructose corn syrup is the treatment of cornstarch with α-amylase, which cleaves the long starch polymers into shorter chains of oligosaccharides. An α-amylase called "Termamyl", sourced from Bacillus licheniformis, is also used in some detergents, especially dishwashing and starch-removing detergents ...
Red blood cell counts are elevated in cases of bloody effusions (for example after heart surgery or hemothorax from incomplete evacuation of blood). Amylase levels are elevated in cases of esophageal rupture, pancreatic pleural effusion, or cancer. Glucose is decreased with cancer, bacterial infections, or rheumatoid pleuritis.
This can lead to high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and nephrotic syndrome. [8] Several types of amyloidosis, including the AL and AA types, are associated with nephrotic syndrome. [9] Approximately 20% and 40–60% of people with AL and AA amyloidosis respectively progress to end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis. [9]
Type 3c diabetes (pancreatogenic diabetes): [3] Chronic pancreatitis can affect the ability of the pancreatic islets to produce insulin to regulate glucose levels, leading to diabetes type 3c. Symptoms of diabetes type 3c are due to elevated sugar and may include increased hunger and thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigue, and blurry ...
Gallstones are more common in pregnant women due to elevated hormones and cholesterol levels, which block the bile duct and obstruct bilirubin excretion. [11] Besides, preeclampsia and eclampsia, denoted by high blood pressure, are linked to hyperbilirubinemia through damaging highly perfused organs, particularly liver and kidneys. [12]