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Workplace politics involves processes and behaviors in human interactions that include power and authority. [ 1 ] [ better source needed ] It serves as a tool to assess operational capacity and balance diverse views of interested parties.
Power as a relational concept: Power exists in relationships. The issue here is often how much relative power a person has in comparison to one's partner. Partners in close and satisfying relationships often influence each other at different times in various arenas. Power as resource-based: Power usually represents a struggle over resources ...
Instead, he would want to rely on unquestioned legitimate position power, backed up by coercive power. Power resources, which may be effective for one leader, dealing with one target or follower, may not work for a different leader and follower. The manner in which the power strategy is utilized will also affect its success or failure.
Power distance is the unequal distribution of power between parties, and the level of acceptance of that inequality; whether it is in the family, workplace, or other organizations. [ 1 ] The concept is used in cultural studies to understand the relationship between individuals with varying power, and the effect this has on society.
Organizational structure – Reporting lines, hierarchies, and the way that work flows through the organization. Power structures – Who makes the decisions, how widely spread is power, and on what is power based? Symbols – Organizational logos and designs, including symbols such as parking spaces and executive washroom keys.
Cog's ladder of group development is based on the work, "Cog's Ladder: A Model of Group Growth", by George O. Charrier, an employee of Procter and Gamble, published in a company newsletter in 1972. The original document was written to help group managers at Procter and Gamble better understand the dynamics of group work, thus improving efficiency.
Although definitions of workplace bullying vary, it involves a repeated pattern of harmful behaviors directed towards an individual. [34] In order for a behavior to be termed bullying, the individual or individuals doing the harm have to possess (either singly or jointly) more power on any level than the victim. [citation needed]
Blau (1964), [6] and Emerson (1976) [7] were the key theorists who developed the original theories of social exchange. Social exchange theory approaches bargaining power from a sociological perspective, suggesting that power dynamics in negotiations are influenced by the value of the resources each party brings to the exchange (a cost-benefit analysis), as well as the level of dependency ...