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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene.PSA is a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and the paraurethral glands in women.
PSA levels between 4 and 10 suggest you could have about a 25 percent chance of prostate cancer, and levels over 10 signal that your chance of having the cancer is more than 50 percent.
The highest levels of acid phosphatase are found in metastasized prostate cancer. Diseases of the bone, such as Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism , diseases of blood cells , such as sickle-cell disease or multiple myeloma or lysosomal storage diseases , such as Gaucher's disease , will show moderately increased levels.
The Prostate Health Index (PHI) is a PSA-based blood test for early prostate cancer screening. It may be used to determine when a biopsy is needed. [32] [46] Prostate cancer antigen 3 is a urine test that detects the overexpression of the PCA3 gene, an indicator of prostate cancer. [32] [46] [47] [44]
An elevated PSA level may be a warning sign of cancer. Symptoms of prostate cancer include trouble urinating, decreased force in the stream of urine, blood in the urine, blood in the semen, bone ...
Located between the base of the penis and the rectum, the prostate is a walnut-sized gland that plays a role in the production of semen, according to the Prostate Cancer Foundation. The more you know!
Screening MRI may be performed when there is a positive prostate-specific antigen on basic laboratory tests. Prostate cancer is the second-most common cause of cancer-related mortality in males in the USA. Most species of placental mammals have bulbourethral glands, but they are absent in Caniformia and Cetacea.
Prostate cancer is a major topic of ongoing research. From 2016–2020, over $1.26 billion was invested in prostate cancer research, representing around 5% of global cancer research funds. [123] This places prostate cancer 10th among 18 common cancer types in funding per cancer death, and 9th in funding per disability-adjusted life year lost. [124]