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Delay may differ slightly, depending on the location of the specific pair of communicating endpoints. Engineers usually report both the maximum and average delay, and they divide the delay into several parts: Processing delay – time it takes a router to process the packet header; Queuing delay – time the packet spends in routing queues
If the sent data packet as well as the response packet have the same length, the roundtrip time can be expressed as: Roundtrip time = 2 × Packet delivery time + processing delay. In case of only one physical link, the above expression corresponds to: Link roundtrip time = 2 × packet transmission time + 2 × propagation delay + processing delay
Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. . Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connectio
Processing delay is a key component in network delay. During processing of a packet, routers may check for bit-level errors in the packet that occurred during transmission as well as determining where the packet's next destination is. Processing delays in high-speed routers are typically on the order of microseconds or less.
The throughput-delay results of the two retransmission methods were compared by extensive simulations and found to be essentially the same. [8] Lam’s model provides mathematically rigorous answers to the stability questions of slotted ALOHA, as well as an efficient algorithm for computing the throughput-delay performance for any stable system.
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In data communications, flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver. Flow control should be distinguished from congestion control , which is used for controlling the flow of data when congestion has actually occurred. [ 1 ]
The private company that processes many bank-to-bank electronic transfers said a 'processing error' last week led to payment delays on roughly 850,000 transactions.