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The Yiqiejing yinyi (c. 649) is the oldest surviving Chinese dictionary of technical Buddhist terminology, and the archetype for later Chinese bilingual dictionaries.This specialized glossary was compiled by the Tang dynasty lexicographer and monk Xuanying (玄應), who was a translator for the famous pilgrim and Sanskritist monk Xuanzang.
The name Sānlùn derives from the fact that its doctrinal basis is formed by three principal Madhyamaka texts composed by the Indian Buddhist philosophers Nāgārjuna (Longshu, 龍樹), and Āryadeva, which were then translated into Chinese by the Kuchean monk Kumārajīva (pinyin: Jiūmóluóshí) and his team of Chinese translators in Chang'an's Xiaoyao garden.
His efforts in both translation and lecturing on sūtras are said to have converted many in China to Buddhism, and contributed to the development of Chang'an into a major center of Buddhism at the time. [10] Some of his main translations are: [1] [11] Saddharmapundarika Sūtra (Chinese: 正法華經; pinyin: Zhèng Fǎhuá Jīng), the "Lotus Sutra"
Chinese translation theory was born out of contact with vassal states during the Zhou dynasty.It developed through translations of Buddhist scripture into Chinese.It is a response to the universals of the experience of translation and to the specifics of the experience of translating from specific source languages into Chinese.
The phrase tashi delek is also used in Chinese with the Chinese transcription Zhaxi dele (扎西德勒). [9] There is a song called Zhaxi Dele with lyrics by Rongzhong Erjia , a Tibetan, and music by Chang Yingzhong , a Han Chinese. [10] The phrase is also used in Bhutan, Sikkim, and Nepal.
Buddhabhadra's work was profoundly influential on later Chinese Buddhism.His meditation manuals and his disciples (Zhiyan, Huiguan, Baoyun, Xuangao and Tanyao) influenced the practice of Chinese Buddhist meditation, and the popularity of the construction of grotto meditation cave-temples such as the Yungang Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes and the Bingling Temple Grottoes. [5]
Kumārajīva (Sanskrit: कुमारजीव; traditional Chinese: 鳩摩羅什; simplified Chinese: 鸠摩罗什; pinyin: Jiūmóluóshí; Wade–Giles: Chiu 1 mo 2 lo 2 shih 2, 344–413 CE) [1] was a Buddhist monk, scholar, missionary and translator from Kucha (present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China).
Scholars looking at the manuscripts of "Xiang Zhan" (left) and "Mani Light Buddhism Rules" in the British Library. The Xiabuzan (Chinese: 下部讚 [1]) is a Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll found by British archaeologist Aurel Stein in the Mogao Grottoes. It contains a series of hymns used in religious ceremonies.