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Zeno of Citium (/ ˈ z iː n oʊ /; Koinē Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieus; c. 334 – c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium (Κίτιον, Kition), Cyprus. [3] He was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC.
Diogenes Laërtius recorded that when Zeno of Citium "consulted the oracle, as to what he ought to do to live in the most excellent manner, the God answered him that he ought to become of the same complexion as the dead, on which he inferred that he ought to apply himself to the reading of the books of the ancients.
He was the teacher of Zeno of Citium in the last years of the century, [17] and was undoubtedly the biggest influence on Zeno in his development of Stoic philosophy. Zeno always regarded Crates with the greatest respect, and some of the accounts we have of Crates have probably come down to us via Zeno's writings. [18]
He lived in the same house as Zeno. [2] Later writers wrote that Persaeus had been Zeno's slave, [3] who had perhaps originally been an amanuensis sent to Zeno by King Antigonus II Gonatas; [4] however, the source of this story seems to be due to a sarcastic remark made about Persaeus by Bion of Borysthenes who, upon seeing a statue of Persaeus inscribed: "Persaeus the pupil of Zeno", sneered ...
Cleanthes (/ k l i ˈ æ n θ iː z /; Ancient Greek: Κλεάνθης; c. 330 BC – c. 230 BC), of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and boxer who was the successor to Zeno of Citium as the second head of the Stoic school in Athens. Originally a boxer, he came to Athens where he took up philosophy, listening to Zeno's lectures.
262 BCE – Zeno of Citium founder of the Stoic philosophical school tripped and broke his toe and then died from holding his breath. 212 BCE – Archimedes was killed during the Siege of Syracuse by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed.
While the acts of a layperson are always misguided (ἁμαρτήματα hamartēmata [1] "mistakes," or peccata), the acts of the sage are always katorthōmata, perfect actions, because the sage acts in view of the good, while the ordinary being (layperson, animal or plant) acts only in view of its survival.
Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism, made and defended his novel epistemological claims which were attacked by his contemporary, Arcesilaus, scholarch of the Platonic Academy and the founder of Academic Skepticism. (Circa 275 to 240 BCE). 2. Zeno's views were reformulated and defended against Arcesilaus by Chrysippus. (Circa 240 to 210 BCE).