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Overall, the 'Ancestral Native Americans' descended from the admixture of an Ancient East Asian lineage contributing about 65% ancestry, and a Paleolithic Siberian population known as Ancient North Eurasians, contributing about 35% ancestry. Ancestral Native Americans are most closely related to 'Ancient Paleo-Siberians' and 'Ancient Beringians'.
The reauthorization of the Native American Housing and Self-Determination Act included a provision stating that the Cherokee Nation can receive federal housing benefits as long as a tribal court order allowing the citizenship for Cherokee Freedmen descendants is intact or some settlement is reached in the citizenship issue and litigation ...
Overall, the number of registered members of many Native American tribes has been reduced because of tribal laws that define and limit the definition of acceptable blood quantum. Native American nations have continued to assert sovereignty and treaty rights, including their own criteria for tribal membership, which vary among them.
These terms are also used by non-Native individuals whose ancestry has not been independently verified. According to Gregory D. Smithers, a large number of Americans describe themselves in this way: "In 2000, the federal census reported that 729,533 Americans self-identified as Cherokee. By 2010, that number increased, with the Census Bureau ...
Rhonda Grayson, a Black Creek Native American of Oklahoma, is one of many tribal descendants who are actively fighting to regain their citizenship in the Creek tribe. In Okmulgee, Oklahoma, there ...
In 1956, the U.S. Congress passed the Lumbee Act, which recognized the Lumbees as being American Indians but denied them the benefits of a federally recognized tribe. All recognized Cherokee tribes in the United States have vehemently opposed the federal recognition of the Lumbee as a Native American tribe. [8] [9]
Some of the most prominent in the 19th century were "mixed-blood" or mixed-race descendants of fur traders and Native American women along the northern frontier. The fur traders tended to be men of social standing and they often married or had relationships with daughters of Native American chiefs, consolidating social standing on both sides.
Some tribes have a blood quantum requirement for citizenship. Others use other methods, such as lineal descent.While almost two-thirds of all federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States require a certain blood quantum for citizenship, [15] tribal nations are sovereign nations, with a government to government relationship with the United States, and set their own enrollment criteria.