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The Haṭha Ratnāvalī is a Haṭha yoga text written in the 17th century by Srinivasa. [1] It states (1.17-18) that asanas, breath retentions, and seals assist in Haṭha yoga. [2]
The text explains how to control the breath in pranayama, [3] using novel techniques such as sūryabhedana, "the piercing of the sun". [1] It teaches śakticālanīmudrā ("stimulating Sarasvatī ") along with the three bandhas . [ 4 ] "
Pranayama is one of the core practices of Haṭha yoga, found in its major texts as one of the limbs regardless of whether the total number of limbs taught are four or more. [75] [76] [77] It is the practice of consciously regulating breath (inhalation and exhalation), a concept shared with all schools of yoga. [78] [79]
Pranayama is the fourth "limb" of the eight limbs of Ashtanga Yoga, as mentioned in verse 2.29 of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. [8] [9] Patanjali, a Rishi, discusses his specific approach to pranayama in verses 2.49 through 2.51, and devotes verses 2.52 and 2.53 to explaining the benefits of the practice. [10]
Kriya Yoga (Sanskrit: क्रिया योग) is a yoga system which consists of a number of levels of pranayama, mantra, and mudra, intended to rapidly accelerate spiritual development [2] and engender a profound state of tranquility and God-communion. [3]
Its account of pranayama calls for the yogi to sit in lotus position (padmasana) and practice what it calls breath-retention , now called anuloma or nadi shodhana, alternate nostril breathing. It states that this gives the yogi the power of levitation, followed by a range of powers such as great strength and the ability to overcome the ...
The yoga scholars James Mallinson and Mark Singleton write that "pure breath-retention" [15] (without inhalation or exhalation) is the ultimate pranayama practice in later hatha yoga texts. They give as an example the account in the c. 13th century Dattātreyayogaśāstra of kevala kumbhaka (breath retention unaccompanied by breathing).
Sama vritti (Sanskrit: समावृत्ति, romanized: samavritti) is a pranayama technique. [1] It involves equating the durations of inhalation (puraka), retention (antara kumbhaka), exhalation (rechaka) and second retention (bahya kumbhaka) before inhaling again. [2] [3] [4] Visama vritti involves breathing with different duration in ...