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Performance tests are done on the pumps to verify the claims made by the pump maker. It is quite possible that with time in the plant, requirements of the process along with the infrastructure and conditions may change considerably. In that case pump curves are used to verify whether the pumps would still be the best fit for modified requirements.
The gain A OL is a complex function of frequency, with both magnitude and phase. [note 1] Examination of this relation shows the possibility of infinite gain (interpreted as instability) if the product βA OL = −1 (that is, the magnitude of βA OL is unity and its phase is −180°, the so-called Barkhausen stability criterion). Bode plots ...
The impulse response of a linear transformation is the image of Dirac's delta function under the transformation, analogous to the fundamental solution of a partial differential operator. It is usually easier to analyze systems using transfer functions as opposed to impulse responses. The transfer function is the Laplace transform of the impulse ...
Test functions are also known as bump functions. If the delta function is already understood as a measure, then the Lebesgue integral of a test function against that measure supplies the necessary integral. A typical space of test functions consists of all smooth functions on R with compact support that have as many derivatives as required. As ...
With the help of these equations the head developed by a pump and the head utilised by a turbine can be easily determined. As the name suggests these equations were formulated by Leonhard Euler in the eighteenth century. [1] These equations can be derived from the moment of momentum equation when applied for a pump or a turbine.
The graph of the Dirac comb function is an infinite series of Dirac delta functions spaced at intervals of T. In mathematics, a Dirac comb (also known as sha function, impulse train or sampling function) is a periodic function with the formula := = for some given period . [1]
If the pump casing becomes filled with vapors or gases, the pump impeller becomes gas-bound and incapable of pumping. [10] To ensure that a centrifugal pump remains primed and does not become gas-bound, most centrifugal pumps are located below the level of the source from which the pump is to take its suction.
Specific impulse should not be confused with energy efficiency, which can decrease as specific impulse increases, since propulsion systems that give high specific impulse require high energy to do so. [3] Specific impulse should not be confused with total thrust. Thrust is the force supplied by the engine and depends on the propellant mass flow ...