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From there, vanguards of human groups headed south, colonising the rest of the continent before reaching the Isthmus of Panama and crossing into the continent of South America. [1] [2] Although there had been four biologically distinct genetic human populations in North America, as has been identified by DNA analysis, only one of these ...
Reconstruction of one of the pyramids of Aspero. After the first humans — who were then arranged into hunter-gatherer tribal groups — arrived in South America via the Isthmus of Panama, they spread out across the continent, with the earliest evidence for settlement in the Andean region dating to circa 15,000 BCE, in what archaeologists call the Lithic Period.
The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. The continent continues to be home to indigenous peoples, some of whom built high civilizations prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 1400s ...
This is a chart of cultural periods of Peru and the Andean Region developed by John Rowe and Edward Lanning and used by some archaeologists studying the area. An alternative dating system was developed by Luis Lumbreras and provides different dates for some archaeological finds.
The Staff God is a major deity of later Andean cultures, and it has been suggested that its use so early points to the worship of common symbols of gods for a long period of time. [10] [11] A view of Caral. Sophisticated government is assumed to have been required to manage the ancient Caral/Norte Chico.
To the south, it went as far as the Chillon valley, and the site of El Paraiso. To the north, it spread as far as the Santa River valley. [15] The Caral–Supe civilization began to decline c. 1800 BC, with more powerful centers appearing to the south and north along the coast, and to the east inside the belt of the Andes. The success of ...
Scientists explain the loss of the Humboldt Glacier in Venezuela's Sierra Nevada, which they believe makes the South American country the first in modern history to lose all its glaciers.
Although the Andean population was devastated by the internal wars of Spaniards and Incas, the ravages of European diseases, and forced, brutal labor in silver and mercury mines, the Andean Indian cultures remained in many ways little changed from the days when the Incas ruled. [3] By the late 1560s, Spanish rule of the Andes was in crisis.