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Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies affecting up to two billion people worldwide. [7] Iron deficiency commonly occurs in patients suffering chronic infection. Intravenous iron infusions are used to treat patients with iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia and chronic kidney disease.
Red blood cells normally survive an average of about 120 days, becoming damaged (their oxygen-carrying capacity becomes compromised) as they age. Dr. Jeff Hersh explains what causes anemia and ...
Hypochromic anemia occurs in patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload. The condition is autosomal recessive and is caused by mutations in the SLC11A2 gene. The condition prevents red blood cells from accessing iron in the blood, which causes anemia that is apparent at birth. It can lead to pallor, fatigue, and slow growth.
Stage 3 – Anemia (reduced hemoglobin levels) is present but red blood cell appearance remains normal. [4] Stage 4 – Changes in the appearance of red blood cells are the hallmark of this stage; first microcytosis and then hypochromia develop. [4] Stage 5 – Iron deficiency begins to affect tissues, manifesting as symptoms and signs. [4]
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are medications which stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells. [1] They are used to treat anemia due to end stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, major surgery, or certain treatments in HIV/AIDS. [1] [2] In these situations they decrease the need for blood transfusions. [2]
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