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HPV causes some 36,000 cases of cancer in men and women in the U.S. every year, the CDC says. Typically, screening for HPV in patients involves a Pap smear , also known as a Pap test.
The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
The risk for anal cancer is 17 to 31 times higher among HIV-positive individuals who were coinfected with high-risk HPV, and 80 times higher for particularly HIV-positive men who have sex with men. [65] Anal Pap smear screening for anal cancer might benefit some subpopulations of men or women engaging in anal sex. [66]
Transgender men are also typically at risk for HPV due to retention of the uterine cervix in the majority of individuals in this subgroup. [38] [39] As such, professional guidelines recommend that transgender men be screened routinely for cervical cancer using methods such as Pap smear, identical to the recommendations for cisgender women. [40]
Nearly 1 in 3 men have at least one type of HPV. But the burden of screening for this widespread STI is on women. Experts explain why.
The increase is seen particularly in young men in developed countries, and HPV-positive OPC now accounts for the majority of all OPC cases. Efforts are being made to reduce the incidence of HPV-positive OPC by introducing vaccination that includes HPV types 16 and 18, found in 95% of these cancers, before exposure to the virus. Early data ...