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  2. Ralph Louis Cohen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Louis_Cohen

    In 1991, Cohen, together with Frederick Cohen, Benjamin Mann, and R. James Milgram gave a complete description of the algebraic topology of the space of rational functions, and in the following years he made several contributions to the study of related moduli spaces.

  3. Algebraic topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_topology

    Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence. Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological ...

  4. Alexander–Spanier cohomology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander–Spanier_cohomology

    A subset is said to be cobounded if is bounded, i.e. its closure is compact.. Similar to the definition of Alexander cohomology module, one can define Alexander cohomology module with compact supports of a pair (,) by adding the property that (,;) is locally zero on some cobounded subset of .

  5. Euler characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_characteristic

    In mathematics, and more specifically in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics, the Euler characteristic (or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a number that describes a topological space's shape or structure regardless of the way it is bent.

  6. Homotopy group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy_group

    In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group , denoted π 1 ( X ) , {\displaystyle \pi _{1}(X),} which records information about loops in a space .

  7. Borsuk–Ulam theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsuk–Ulam_theorem

    The converse is also true: it is possible to prove Tucker's lemma from the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. Therefore, these two theorems are equivalent. There are several fixed-point theorems which come in three equivalent variants: an algebraic topology variant, a combinatorial variant and a set-covering variant. Each variant can be proved separately ...

  8. William Fulton (mathematician) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fulton_(mathematician)

    He is, as of 2011, a professor at the University of Michigan. [2] As of 2024, Fulton had supervised the doctoral work of 24 students at Brown, Chicago, and Michigan. Fulton is known as the author or coauthor of a number of popular texts, including Algebraic Curves and Representation Theory.

  9. Chain complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_complex

    An exact sequence (or exact complex) is a chain complex whose homology groups are all zero. This means all closed elements in the complex are exact. A short exact sequence is a bounded exact sequence in which only the groups A k, A k+1, A k+2 may be nonzero.