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Pigs and humans can act as intermediate hosts for the larval form, but humans are the only definitive hosts for the adult tapeworm. The larvae are cystic, fluid-filled sacs containing a tapeworm head (scolex) with four suckers and a double row of hooks, along with a narrow neck and a body made up of hundreds of segments called proglottids. When ...
Eucestoda, commonly referred to as tapeworms, is the larger of the two subclasses of flatworms in the class Cestoda (the other subclass being Cestodaria). Larvae have six posterior hooks on the scolex (head), in contrast to the ten-hooked Cestodaria. All tapeworms are endoparasites of
The adults can reach more than 10 m (up to 30 ft) in length in some species such as D. latum, with more than 3,000 proglottids. One or several of the tape-like proglottid segments (hence the name tapeworm) regularly detach from the main body of the worm and release immature eggs in freshwater to start the cycle over again.
The adult tapeworm has a scolex (head), a short neck, and a strobila (segmented body) formed of proglottids. Tapeworms anchor themselves to the inside of the intestine of their host using their scolex, which typically has hooks, suckers, or both. They have no mouth, but absorb nutrients directly from the host's gut.
The proglottids make up the remainder of the body (everything after the neck), and together are termed the strobilia. As proglottids mature, they develop two sets of reproductive organs, one male and one female. Each proglottid is capable of reproducing via self fertilization. [14] Eggs are typically ovoid in shape with tapered ends. [15]
The tapeworm eggs are present in the feces of a person infected with the adult worms, a condition known as taeniasis. [2] [8] Taeniasis, in the strict sense, is a different disease and is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork. [1] People who live with someone with pork tapeworm have a greater risk of getting cysticercosis. [8]
The mature proglottid is located medially to the other proglottids, and is reproductively functional and hermaphroditic. The most posterior proglottid is the gravid stage, and it is packed with eggs. These eggs are eventually released from the gravid proglottid either through a pore in the proglottid or by disintegration of the proglottid.
Pseudophyllid. Pseudophyllid cestodes (former order pseudophyllidea) are tapeworms with multiple "segments" (proglottids) and two bothria or "sucking grooves" as adults. . Proglottids are identifiably pseudophyllid as the genital pore and uterine pore are located on the mid-ventral surface, and the ovary is bilobed ("dumbbell-s