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The process, which is catalyzed by platinum supported by aluminium oxide, is exemplified in the conversion methylcyclohexane (a naphthene) into toluene (an aromatic). [2] Dehydrocyclization converts paraffins (acyclic hydrocarbons) into aromatics. [3] A related aromatization process includes dehydroisomerization of methylcyclopentane to benzene:
Cyclopentadiene is a highly reactive diene in the Diels–Alder reaction because minimal distortion of the diene is required to achieve the envelope geometry of the transition state compared to other dienes. [11] Famously, cyclopentadiene dimerizes. The conversion occurs in hours at room temperature, but the monomer can be stored for days at ...
The polymerization of cyclopentene by Ziegler-Natta catalysts yields 1,3-linkages, not the more typical 1,2-linked polymer. [7] Palladium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of cyclopentene gives cyclopentanecarboxylic acid: [8] C 5 H 8 + CO + H 2 O → C 5 H 9 CO 2 H
The spontaneous dimerization of neat cyclopentadiene at room temperature to form dicyclopentadiene proceeds to around 50% conversion over 24 hours and yields the endo isomer in better than 99:1 ratio as the kinetically favored product (about 150:1 endo:exo at 80 °C). [6] However, prolonged heating results in isomerization to the exo isomer.
It is probable that η 1-Cp complexes are intermediates in the formation of η 5-Cp complexes. Still rarer, the Cp unit can bond to the metal via three carbons. In these η 3-Cp complexes, the bonding resembles that in allyl ligands. Such complexes, sometimes called "slipped Cp complexes", are invoked as intermediates in ring slipping reactions.
To use FMO theory, the reaction should be considered as two separate ideas: (1) whether or not the reaction is allowed, and (2) which mechanism the reaction proceeds through. In the case of a [1,5] shift on pentadiene, the HOMO of the sigma bond (i.e., a constructive bond) and the LUMO of butadiene on the remaining 4 carbons is observed.
The Sandmeyer reaction provides a method through which one can perform unique transformations on benzene, such as halogenation, cyanation, trifluoromethylation, and hydroxylation. The reaction was discovered in 1884 by Swiss chemist Traugott Sandmeyer , when he attempted to synthesize phenylacetylene from benzenediazonium chloride and copper(I ...
In organic chemistry, pentadiene is any hydrocarbon with an open chain of five carbons, connected by two single bonds and two double bonds. All those compounds have the same molecular formula C 5 H 8. The inventory of pentadienes include: 1,2-pentadiene, or ethyl allene, H 2 C=C=CH−CH 2 −CH 3. [1]