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The open-circuit saturation curve (also open-circuit characteristic, OCC) of a synchronous generator is a plot of the output open circuit voltage as a function of the excitation current or field. The curve is typically plotted alongside the synchronous impedance curve .
The formula simply divides the absolute partial pressure of oxygen which can be tolerated (expressed in atm or bar) by the fraction of oxygen in the breathing gas, to calculate the absolute pressure at which the mix can be breathed. (for example, 50% nitrox can be breathed at twice the pressure of 100% oxygen, so divide by 0.5, etc.).
[1] [2] [12] [13] A maximum oxygen partial pressure of 1.4 bar for the active sectors of the dive, and 1.6 bar for decompression stops is recommended by several recreational and technical diving certification agencies for open circuit, [14] and 1.2 bar or 1.3 bar as maximum for the active sectors of a dive on closed-circuit rebreather ...
Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
In a synchronous generator, [1] the short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produce rated armature voltage at the open circuit to the field current required to produce the rated armature current at short circuit. [1] [2] This ratio can also be expressed as an inverse of the saturated [3] direct-axis synchronous reactance ...
The curve is typically plotted alongside the open-circuit saturation curve. [1] The SCC is almost linear, since under the short-circuit conditions the magnetic flux in the generator is below the iron saturation levels and thus the reluctance is almost entirely defined by the fixed one of the air gap.
In petroleum engineering, the Leverett J-function is a dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure, [1] = / where is the water saturation measured as a fraction, is the capillary pressure (in pascal), is the permeability (measured in m²), is the porosity (0-1), is the surface tension (in N/m) and is the contact angle.
The open-circuit test, or no-load test, is one of the methods used in electrical engineering to determine the no-load impedance in the excitation branch of a transformer. The no load is represented by the open circuit, which is represented on the right side of the figure as the "hole" or incomplete part of the circuit.