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The definition of exponentiation can be extended in a natural way (preserving the multiplication rule) to define for any positive real base and any real number exponent . More involved definitions allow complex base and exponent, as well as certain types of matrices as base or exponent.
Jeake's text appears to designate a written exponent of 0 as being equal to an "absolute number, as if it had no Mark", thus using the notation x 0 to refer to an independent term of a polynomial, while a written exponent of 1, in his text, denotes "the Root of any number" (using root with the meaning of the base number, i.e. its first power x ...
In mathematics, high superscripts are used for exponentiation to indicate that one number or variable is raised to the power of another number or variable. Thus y 4 is y raised to the fourth power, 2 x is 2 raised to the power of x , and the equation E = mc 2 includes a term for the speed of light squared .
To the right is the long tail, and to the left are the few that dominate (also known as the 80–20 rule). In statistics, a power law is a functional relationship between two quantities, where a relative change in one quantity results in a relative change in the other quantity proportional to the change raised to a constant exponent: one ...
The exponential function occurs naturally in many branches of mathematics. Walter Rudin called it "the most important function in mathematics". [1] It is therefore useful to have multiple ways to define (or characterize) it. Each of the characterizations below may be more or less useful depending on context.
The matrix exponential satisfies the following properties. [2] We begin with the properties that are immediate consequences of the definition as a power series: e 0 = I; exp(X T) = (exp X) T, where X T denotes the transpose of X. exp(X ∗) = (exp X) ∗, where X ∗ denotes the conjugate transpose of X. If Y is invertible then e YXY −1 = Ye ...
Geometric representation (Argand diagram) of and its conjugate ¯ in the complex plane.The complex conjugate is found by reflecting across the real axis.. In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
Because superscript exponents like 10 7 can be inconvenient to display or type, the letter "E" or "e" (for "exponent") is often used to represent "times ten raised to the power of", so that the notation m E n for a decimal significand m and integer exponent n means the same as m × 10 n.