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  2. Cosmological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_argument

    [1] [2] [3] In referring to reason and observation alone for its premises, and precluding revelation, this category of argument falls within the domain of natural theology. A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument or the prime mover argument.

  3. Concursus Dei - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concursus_Dei

    In Catholic theology, a distinction is made between concursus simultaneus and concursus praevius, [2] the former being divine influence into the effect of a second cause, parallel, as it were, with its activity, whereas the latter involves divine influence into the causing agent.

  4. Secondary causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_causation

    Secondary causation [1] [2] [3] is the philosophical proposition that all material and corporeal objects, having been created by God with their own intrinsic potentialities, are subsequently empowered to evolve independently in accordance with natural law.

  5. Universal causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_causation

    Pluralized causal principle - there are pluralized versions of universal causation, that allow exceptions to the principle. Robert K. Meyer's causal chain principle, [15] uses set theory axioms, assumes that something must cause itself in set of causes and so universal causation doesn't exclude self-causation. Against infinite regress.

  6. Principle of double effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect

    The principle of double effect – also known as the rule of double effect, the doctrine of double effect, often abbreviated as DDE or PDE, double-effect reasoning, or simply double effect – is a set of ethical criteria which Christian philosophers have advocated for evaluating the permissibility of acting when one's otherwise legitimate act ...

  7. Causal reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_reasoning

    Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect.The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one.

  8. Causality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

    Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. [1]

  9. Causal analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_analysis

    Causal analysis is the field of experimental design and statistics pertaining to establishing cause and effect. [1] Typically it involves establishing four elements: correlation, sequence in time (that is, causes must occur before their proposed effect), a plausible physical or information-theoretical mechanism for an observed effect to follow from a possible cause, and eliminating the ...