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According to the Finnish Population Registry Center and the Finnish Sámi Parliament, the Sámi population living in Finland was 10,753 in 2019. [176] As of 31 December 2021, only 2,023 people were registered as speaking a Sámi language as their mother tongue. [177] According to the 2010 All-Russia Census, the Sámi population of Russia was 1,771.
According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Sami proto-language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia. [ 9 ] The genetic lineage of the Sami is unique, and may reflect an early history of geographic isolation, genetic drift, and genetic bottle-necking.
The largest minority group in Finland is the Swedish-speaking Finns, who in 2018 numbered about 282,300, with all Swedish speakers in the country making a total of 288,400 which is 5.2% of the total population. [1] Municipalities are classified as either monolingual or bilingual with a majority language.
Several conserved substitutions group the Sami Z lineages with those from Finland and the Volga-Ural region of Russia. The estimated dating of the lineage at 2700 years suggests a small, relatively recent contribution of people from the Volga-Ural region to the Sami population. [11] Haplogroup Z is most frequent in Northeastern Asia. [16]
The three Sami languages spoken in Finland, Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami, have a combined native speaker population of only 2,035 in 2022 albeit there are more than 10,000 Sami people in Finland. [8] The state of Finland has a history of aiming to assimilate the indigenous Sámi people to the Finnish-speaking majority.
Many Finnish immigrants moved back to their traditional Skolt homeland. In 1926, one-quarter of Petsamo's population were Skolts, and in 1930 the proportion dropped to one-sixth. [7] After the Winter War (1939), Finland lost its portion of the Rybachiy Peninsula to the Soviet Union and after the Continuation War (1941
The population of Rovaniemi is approximately 66,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 69,000. It is the 17th most populous municipality in Finland, and the 12th most populous urban area in the country. Rovaniemi is also the largest city in Europe by land area. [7]
The region stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.To the north, it is bounded by the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, and White Sea. [2] [3] Lapland (/ ˈ l æ p l æ n d /) has been a historical term for areas inhabited by the Sami based on the older term "Lapp" for its inhabitants, a term which is now considered outdated or pejorative. [4]