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For electrolytic capacitors the insulation resistance of the dielectric is termed "leakage current". This DC current is represented by the resistor R leak in parallel with the capacitor in the series-equivalent circuit of electrolytic capacitors. This resistance between the terminals of a capacitor is also finite.
Through-hole devices mounted on the circuit board of a mid-1980s home computer.Axial-lead devices are at upper left, while blue radial-lead capacitors are at upper right Close-up view of an electronic circuit board showing component lead holes (gold-plated) with through-hole plating up the sides of the hole to connect tracks on both sides of the board.
The temperature of the capacitor, which is the net difference between heat produced and heat dissipated, must not exceed the capacitor's maximum specified temperature. The ripple current is specified as an effective (RMS) value at 100 or 120 Hz or at 10 kHz at upper category temperature.
For larger screw-terminal and snap-in capacitors the sealing washer is made of a plastic material. Axial electrolytic capacitors usually have a sealing washer made of phenolic resin laminated with a layer of rubber. Radial electrolytic capacitors use a rubber plug with a very dense structure.
TO-5: Metal can package with radial leads; TO-18: Metal can package with radial leads; TO-39; TO-46; TO-66: Similar shape to the TO-3 but smaller; TO-92: Plastic-encapsulated package with three leads; TO-99: Metal can package with eight radial leads; TO-100: Metal can package with ten radial leads, similar to TO-99
Several axial-lead electrolytic capacitors. Capacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. "Axial" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends.
Tantalum capacitors in different styles: axial, radial and SMD-chip versions (size comparison with a match) 10 μF 30 VDC-rated tantalum capacitors, solid electrolyte epoxy-dipped style. A tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits.
To complete a capacitor a counter electrode has to match the rough insulating oxide surface. This is accomplished by the electrolyte, which acts as the cathode (-) electrode of an electrolytic capacitor. The main difference between the polymer capacitors is the anode material and its oxide used as the dielectric: