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For this institutionalized generosity, Inca bureaucracy used a specific open space in the city's center as a social gathering place for local lords to celebrate and drink ritual beer. [25] [26] With the creation of the Inca Empire, exchanging goods for human energy became a fundamental aspect of unified Inca rule. [7]
The Inca empire and the roads which traversed it A complex of 27 Qullqas above Ollantaytambo, Peru. A qullqa (Quechua pronunciation: [ˈqʊʎˌqa] "deposit, storehouse"; [1] (spelling variants: colca, collca, qolca, qollca) was a storage building found along roads and near the cities and political centers of the Inca Empire. [2]
The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu, [14] "the suyu of four [parts]". In Quechua, tawa is four and -ntin is a suffix naming a group, so that a tawantin is a quartet, a group of four things taken together, in this case the four suyu ("regions" or "provinces") whose corners met at the capital.
Inca agriculture was also characterized by the variety of crops grown, the lack of a market system and money, and the unique mechanisms by which the Incas organized their society. Andean civilization was "pristine"—one of six civilizations worldwide which were indigenous and not derivative from other civilizations. [ 1 ]
The Inca rulers constructed large warehouses or Qullqa to store foodstuffs for the Inca military, to supply goods to the populace during ritual feasting, and to aid the population in lean years of bad harvests. The Incas had an extensive road system, linking key areas of the empire to some parts that are extant in modern era. The roads were ...
Archaeologists in Peru have discovered the remains of what is believed to be wealthy members of the Chimu civilization, a pre-Inca society that thrived for centuries in arid plains nestled between ...
The vertical archipelago is a term coined by sociologist and anthropologist John Victor Murra under the influence of economist Karl Polanyi to describe the native Andean agricultural economic model of accessing and distributing resources.
The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cuzco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate the territory of modern-day Peru, followed by a large portion of western South America, into their empire, centered on the Andean mountain range.