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The "Drive-cycle" basically is the representative of the road. Drive cycles are used to reduce the expense of on road tests, time of test and fatigue of the test engineer. The whole idea is to bring the road to the test lab (a chassis dynamo-meter) or to the computer simulation. Two kinds of drive cycle can be made.
It is also known as FTP-72 or LA-4, and it is also used in Sweden as the A10 or CVS (Constant Volume Sampler) cycle and in Australia as the ADR 27 (Australian Design Rules) cycle. [4] The cycle simulates an urban route of 7.5 mi (12.07 km) with frequent stops. The maximum speed is 56.7 mph (91.2 km/h) and the average speed is 19.6 mph (31.5 km/h).
The Worldwide Harmonised Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) [1] is a global driving cycle standard for determining the levels of pollutants, CO 2 emission standards and fuel consumption of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) and hybrid automobiles, as well as the all-electric range of plug-in electric vehicles.
For example, the vehicle computer can identify past driving history as one particular representative cycle (say, FTP-75) and use known information from FTP-75 to improve vehicle performance. This type of control strategy is most useful for hybrid vehicles where the control strategy has a much greater effect on vehicle performance than with a ...
Regulation 7 requires that an employer prevent exposure to hazardous substances or, if this is not reasonably practicable, that they adequately control exposure. One of the main points of the COSHH risk assessment is to identify the measures that are to be used to avoid a hazard or reduce the level of risk associated with a hazard.
Hierarchy of hazard control is a system used in industry to prioritize possible interventions to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. [a] It is a widely accepted system promoted by numerous safety organizations. This concept is taught to managers in industry, to be promoted as standard practice in the workplace.
Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S54 Before draining of to sewage disposal plant ask permission of the competent authority. (No longer used, removed from regulations) S55 Before draining of into sewage system or into waters treat according to state of art. (No longer used, removed from regulations) S56
OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool.. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections.