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Cortical granules are regulatory secretory organelles (ranging from 0.2 um to 0.6 um in diameter) found within oocytes and are most associated with polyspermy prevention after the event of fertilization. [1] Cortical granules are found among all mammals, many vertebrates, and some invertebrates. [2]
After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. The ovum, now containing the somatic cell's nucleus, is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide. The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all necessary genetic information from just one parent.
The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization that prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with one egg.In contrast to the fast block of polyspermy which immediately but temporarily blocks additional sperm from fertilizing the egg, the cortical reaction gradually establishes a permanent barrier to sperm entry and functions as the main part of the slow block of ...
Cerebellar abiotrophy (CA), also called cerebellar cortical abiotrophy (CCA), is a genetic neurological disease in animals, best known to affect certain breeds of horses, dogs and cats. It can also develop in humans. It develops when the neurons known as Purkinje cells, located in the cerebellum of the brain, begin to die off. These cells ...
Wnt 11 was found to be located specifically at the vegetal pole prior to cortical rotation and is moved to the dorsal side where it activates the wnt signaling pathway. [24] VegT, a T-box transcription factor, is localized to the vegetal cortex and upon cortical rotation is released in a gradient fashion into the embryo to regulate mesoderm ...
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[84] [72] She lays one to three (usually two) small, leathery eggs (similar to those of reptiles), about 11 mm (7 ⁄ 16 in) in diameter and slightly rounder than bird eggs. [85] The eggs develop in utero for about 28 days, with only about 10 days of external incubation (in contrast to a chicken egg, which spends about one day in tract and 21 ...
Six small non-avian dinosaur eggs, no bigger than grapes, were discovered during a field study in Ganzhou, China, in 2021. These eggs now mark the smallest-ever found in the world.