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Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is by far the most common form of FLUTD in young to middle-aged cats. It is a disease whose cause is not fully understood but is thought to be related to stress events and a cat's pre-disposition to anxiety, as well as certain lifestyle choices (e.g. a dry food diet, no access to outdoor space).
Feline idiopathic cystitis begins as an acute non-obstructive episode and is self-limiting in about 85% of cases, resolving itself in a week. In approximately 15% of cases, it can escalate into an obstructive episode ("blocked cat") which can be life-threatening for a male cat. [5]
Feline diseases are often opportunistic and tend to be more serious in cats that already have concurrent sicknesses. Some of these can be treated and the animal can have a complete recovery. Others, like viral diseases, are more difficult to treat and cannot be treated with antibiotics, which are not effective against viruses.
Cat flu is the common name for a feline upper respiratory disease, which can be caused by one or more possible pathogens: Feline herpes virus, causing feline viral rhinotracheitis (cat common cold; this is the disease most associated with the "cat flu" misnomer), Feline calicivirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica (cat kennel cough), or
It has been noted that affected cats tend to be dominating rather than submissive; some research argues that feline hyperesthesia syndrome is a form of conflict displacement, rather than just a form of general behavioural displacement, wherein the affected cat acts out thwarted territorial disputes on its own body. [9]
In chronic nasal and sinus disease of cats, FHV-1 may play more of an initiating role than an ongoing cause. Infection at an early age may permanently damage nasal and sinus tissue, causing a disruption of ciliary clearance of mucus and bacteria, and predispose these cats to chronic bacterial infections.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a virus of the family Caliciviridae that causes disease in cats. It is one of the two important viral causes of respiratory infection in cats, the other being Felid alphaherpesvirus 1. FCV can be isolated from about 50% of cats with upper respiratory infections. [2]
A feline zoonosis is a viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, nematode or arthropod infection that can be transmitted to humans from the domesticated cat, Felis catus.Some of these diseases are reemerging and newly emerging infections or infestations caused by zoonotic pathogens transmitted by cats.