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The term banking model of education was first used by Paulo Freire in his highly influential book Pedagogy of the Oppressed. [1] [2] Freire describes this form of education as "fundamentally narrative (in) character" [3]: 57 with the teacher as the subject (that is, the active participant) and the students as passive objects.
Freire urges the dismissal of the banking model of education and the adoption of the problem-posing model. This model encourages a discussion between teacher and student. It blurs the line between the two as everyone learns alongside each other, creating equality and the lack of oppression.
Freire joined the Workers' Party (PT) in São Paulo and acted as a supervisor for its adult literacy project from 1980 to 1986. When the Workers' Party won the 1988 São Paulo mayoral elections in 1988, Freire was appointed municipal Secretary of Education. Freire is widely considered the grandfather of Critical Education Theory.
Problem-posing education, coined by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire in his 1970 book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, is a method of teaching that emphasizes critical thinking for the purpose of liberation. Freire used problem posing as an alternative to the banking model of education.
Critical pedagogy advocates insist that teachers themselves are vital to the discussion about Standards-based education reform in the United States because a pedagogy that requires a student to learn or a teacher to teach externally imposed information exemplifies the banking model of education outlined by Freire where the structures of ...
Freire emphasizes the importance of the relationship between educators and students and continues to fight against the banking model of education. [2] In the "Afterwards", Ana Maria Araújo Freire reflects on her husband's work, and concludes by introducing the triangle of her reading of the world: "prohibition, liberation, and hope". [3]
Freire's alternative to the banking method is a "problem-posing" model of education. Through this model students and teachers participate together in a mutually humanizing process of dialogue. With the support of their teacher, students examine problems from their own lives and work collaboratively to generate solutions. [1]
This is the banking model of education, in which the scope of action allowed by the students extends only as far as receiving, filling and storing the deposits. [13] Thus, projecting an absolute ignorance onto others, a characteristic of the ideology of oppression, negates education and knowledge as a process of inquiry. [ 14 ]