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Claude Shannon. The Shannon number, named after the American mathematician Claude Shannon, is a conservative lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess of 10 120, based on an average of about 10 3 possibilities for a pair of moves consisting of a move for White followed by a move for Black, and a typical game lasting about 40 such pairs of moves.
The game Fischer random chess, played with conventional chess pieces and rules, starts with a random selection of one of 960 positions for the pieces.Arrangements of the pieces are restricted so that the king is between the rooks and the bishops are on different colored squares.
The number of legal positions in chess is estimated to be (4.59 ± 0.38) × 10 44 with a 95% confidence level, [155] with a game-tree complexity of approximately 10 123. The game-tree complexity of chess was first calculated by Claude Shannon as 10 120 , a number known as the Shannon number . [ 156 ]
Chess960, also known as Fischer Random Chess, is a chess variant that randomizes the starting position of the pieces on the back rank. It was introduced by former world chess champion Bobby Fischer in 1996 to reduce the emphasis on opening preparation and to encourage creativity in play.
In chess, the endgame tablebase, or simply tablebase, is a computerised database containing precalculated evaluations of endgame positions. Tablebases are used to analyse finished games, as well as by chess engines to evaluate positions during play.
Values 0 through 8 represent all normal permutations of force. 9 is used if either side has three or more pieces of the same non-pawn type; these positions are possible in standard chess due to pawn promotion. The last two digits of the code represent the number of white and black pawns, respectively.
Chess notation systems are used to record either the moves made or the position of the pieces in a game of chess. Chess notation is used in chess literature, and by players keeping a record of an ongoing game. The earliest systems of notation used lengthy narratives to describe each move; these gradually evolved into more compact notation systems.
4.52 × 10 46 legal chess positions. Chess: 4.52 × 10 46 is a proven upper bound for the number of chess positions allowed according to the rules of chess. [66] Geo: 1.33 × 10 50 is the estimated number of atoms on Earth.