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Transfusion-dependent anemia is a form of anemia characterized by the need for continuous blood transfusion. It is a condition that results from various diseases, and is associated with decreased survival rates. [1] [2] Regular transfusion is required to reduce the symptoms of anemia by increasing functional red blood cells and hemoglobin count.
[1] [2] [3] In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). [4] [5] Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have hemoglobin disorders. [1] Cross-matching is typically required before the blood is given. [1] It is given by injection into a vein. [6]
Historically, red blood cell transfusion was considered when the hemoglobin level fell below 100g/L or hematocrit fell below 30%. [3] [4] Because each unit of blood given carries risks, a trigger level lower than that, at 70 to 80g/L, is now usually used, as it has been shown to have better patient outcomes.
Transfusion dependent anemia is a form of anemia where ongoing blood transfusion are required. [91] Most people with myelodysplastic syndrome develop this state at some point in time. [92] Beta thalassemia may also result in transfusion dependence. [93] [94] Concerns from repeated blood transfusions include iron overload. [92]
Long-term transfusion therapy (in those with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia) is a treatment used to maintain hemoglobin levels at a target pre-transfusion hemoglobin level of 9–10.5 g/dL (11–12 g/dL in those with concomitant heart disease). [8] To ensure quality blood transfusions, the packed red blood cells should be leucoreduced.
It is used in the treatment of massive bleeding, in exchange transfusion, and when people donate blood to themselves. [1] [2] One unit of whole blood (approximately 450 mL) brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L. [3] [4] Cross matching is typically done before the blood is given. [2] [5] It is given by injection into a vein. [6]